TENS Therapy
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Therapy: An Overview
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) therapy is a non-invasive treatment that uses low-voltage electrical currents to relieve pain. A TENS unit consists of a small battery-operated device connected to electrodes, which are placed on the skin near the painful area. The electrical impulses generated by the TENS unit stimulate the nerves, aiming to reduce pain.
How TENS Therapy Works
The primary mechanism of TENS therapy is based on two theories:
Gate Control Theory: Electrical impulses stimulate non-painful sensory nerves, which send signals to the spinal cord and brain. These signals can interfere with and block pain signals from reaching the brain, effectively “closing the gate” to pain.
Endorphin Release Theory: TENS therapy may stimulate the production and release of endorphins, the body’s natural painkillers, which can help reduce the perception of pain.
Types of TENS Therapy
Conventional TENS (High-Frequency TENS):
- Frequency: High frequency (50-100 Hz)
- Intensity: Low to moderate, enough to produce a tingling sensation without causing muscle contraction
- Duration: Can be used for extended periods
- Applications: Used for acute and chronic pain conditions
Low-Frequency TENS:
- Frequency: Low frequency (1-4 Hz)
- Intensity: Higher intensity to produce muscle contractions
- Duration: Typically used for shorter sessions
- Applications: Used for chronic pain and to stimulate endorphin release
Burst Mode TENS:
- Frequency: Bursts of high-frequency pulses delivered at a low frequency
- Intensity: Moderate to high, causing muscle contractions
- Duration: Used for shorter sessions
- Applications: Effective for chronic pain and muscle stimulation
How TENS Treatments Are Administered
Preparation:
- Clean the skin where the electrodes will be placed.
- Apply a small amount of conductive gel to enhance conductivity if necessary.
- Attach the electrodes to the TENS unit and place them on or near the painful area.
Setting the Device:
- Adjust the settings on the TENS unit, including the intensity, frequency, and duration.
- Start with a low intensity and gradually increase until a comfortable tingling sensation is felt.
Session Duration:
- Typical sessions last between 20 to 60 minutes.
- Frequency of use can vary, with some individuals using TENS several times a day.
Post-Treatment:
- Turn off the device and remove the electrodes.
- Clean the skin to remove any gel residue.
- Store the TENS unit and electrodes properly for future use.